Wallaba (Eperua grandiflora)
Family: Leguminosae
Common names: Apa, Apazeiro, Baboen, Berioede walaba, Bijlhout, Bioudou, Caraota, Copaiba rana, Eperua falcata, Espadeira, Itoeli walaba, Ituri wallaba, Jebaro, Kharemeroe walaba, Khoeleroe walaba, Mahomillo negro, Oever walaba, Palo machete, Parewe, Rosa de montana, Sjoro walaba, Uapa, Uapa tabaco, Voapa tabaca, Vouapa, Walaba, Wallaba, Wapa, Wapa blanc, Wapa courbaril, Wapa montagne, Yaguana, Yoboko
Distributed in: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela (Central America, Latin America)
Distribution overview: Generally found in the Guianas and into Venezuela and the Amazon region of northern Brazil.
Common uses: Boat building (general), Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Charcoal, Construction, Crossties, Decks, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Fuelwood, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Light construction, Mine timbers, Particleboard, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Shingles, Sub-flooring, Utility poles, Vats, Wharf construction
Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed
Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureUniformand the lusterMedium
Natural durability: Susceptible to marine borer attack, Very durable
Odor: No characteristic taste
Kiln Schedules: Dry at a slow speed
Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries quickly
Drying Defects: Splitting, Warping can be expected
Ease of Drying: Rapidly
Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight
Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory
Blunting Effect: Moderate effect
Boring: Moderately easy
Carving: Fair to Good Results
Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw
Gluing: Good properties
Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Nailing: Pre-boring recommended, Very Good to Excellent
Planing: Planes well, to a good finish
Resistance to Impregnation: Very difficult to treat
Resistance to Splitting: Poor
Response to hand tools: Responds Readily
Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results
Screwing: Screwing yields good results, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results
Painting: Satisfactory; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy;
- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
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Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
Specific Gravity |
0,7 |
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Density |
|
913 |
kg/m3 |
Bending Strength |
1065 |
1499 |
kg/cm2 |
Crushing Strength |
530 |
735 |
kg/cm2 |
Hardness |
|
906 |
kg |
Impact Strength |
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cm |
Shearing Strength |
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kg/cm2 |
Stiffness |
152 |
175 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
Tangential Shrinkage |
7 |
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% |
Radial Shrinkage |
3 |
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% |
Weight |
897 |
721 |
kg/m3 |
Maximum Load |
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cm-kg/cm3 |
Toughness |
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cm-kg |
Static Bending |
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kg/cm2 |
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| | | | Item | Green | Dry | English | Bending Strength | 15160 | 21331 | psi | Density | | 57 | lbs/ft3 | Hardness | | 1999 | lbs | Maximum Crushing Strength | 7542 | 10454 | psi | Stiffness | 2167 | 2494 | 1000 psi | Specific Gravity | 0.7 | | | Weight | 56 | 45 | lbs/ft3 | Radial Shrinkage | 3 | | % | Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % | Volumetric Shrinkage | 10 | | % | |
Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft 1 Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu.ft Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Max. crushing strength = high Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = very high Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = large Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1984,Wapa- Eperua falcata, E. grandiflora, E. rubignosa,Bois et Forets des Tropiques Vol.204 p.69-72Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods - Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme.1990.Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America.International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne, CEDEX, France.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Detienne, P. and Thiel, J.,1988,Monographie des wapas de Guyane Francaise,Bois et Forets des Tropiques Vol. 216 pp.43-75Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFanshawe, D.B.,1948,Studies of the Trees of British Guiana Part 3,Tropical Woods,12(93,pp1-28Fanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentLongwood, F.R.,1962,Commercial Timbers of the Caribbean,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.207
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